Further reading

  • Cajori, Florian. A History of Mathematical Notations. 2 vols. Chicago: Open Court, 1928–1929. The notations of Newton, Leibniz, Lagrange and Arbogast, the $\int$ and Fourier’s limits, Wallis’s $\infty$.
  • Lagrange, Joseph-Louis. Théorie des fonctions analytiques. Paris: Imprimerie de la République, 1797.
  • Arbogast, Louis F. A. Du calcul des dérivations. Strasbourg: Levrault, 1800.
  • Wallis, John. De sectionibus conicis. Oxford, 1655. And Arithmetica infinitorum. Oxford, 1656.
  • Boole, George. On a general method in analysis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 134, 1844, pp. 225–282.
  • Heaviside, Oliver. Electromagnetic Theory. 3 vols. London: The Electrician, 1893–1912.
  • Child, J. M. The Early Mathematical Manuscripts of Leibniz. Chicago: Open Court, 1920. The manuscripts of October 1675, with “omn.” and the first $\int$.
  • Robinson, Abraham. Non-standard Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1966.
  • Tall, David; Vinner, Shlomo. Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 1981, pp. 151–169.
  • Thompson, Silvanus P. Calculus Made Easy. London: Macmillan, 1910. The book that teaches calculus by treating $dx$ as “a little bit of $x$”.
  • Earliest Uses of Symbols of Calculus, Jeff Miller.

Image sources

Image Source Licence
Title page of Lagrange’s Théorie des fonctions analytiques (1797) Wikimedia Commons public domain
Oliver Heaviside, portrait by an unknown author Wikimedia Commons public domain
The first use of the sign ∞, Wallis’s De sectionibus conicis (1655) Wikimedia Commons public domain
John Wallis, portrait after Godfrey Kneller Wikimedia Commons public domain

The interactive figures (the secant that becomes a tangent and the Riemann sums) were produced for this book and work in all four languages of the site. The record of the downloaded images, with the hash of each file, is in data/semiotica_imagens.json.

Chapter index · ← How to read calculus: a guide and a glossary · Chapter 6: diagrams and graphs →